Mach, Ernst 1838-1916
Overview
| Works: | 755 works in 2,727 publications in 10 languages and 21,916 library holdings |
|---|---|
| Genres: | Biographies History Academic theses Personal correspondence Popular works |
| Roles: | Author, Contributor, Honoree, Editor, Other, Creator, Author of introduction, Author of afterword, colophon, etc., Dedicatee, Author of dialog, Correspondent, htt |
| Classifications: | QA802, 531 |
Publication Timeline
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Most widely held works about
Ernst Mach
- Mach's philosophy of science by J Bradley( )
- The realistic empiricism of Mach, James and Russell : neutral monism reconceived by Erik C Banks( )
- Ernst Mach; his work, life, and influence by John T Blackmore( Book )
- Ernst Mach, physicist and philosopher by R. S Cohen( Book )
- Mach bands : quantitative studies on neural networks in the retina by Floyd Ratliff( Book )
- On Mach's theories by Robert Musil( Book )
- Ernst Mach-a deeper look : documents and new perspectives by Robert S Cohen( Book )
- Ernst Mach's Vienna, 1895-1930, or, Phenomenalism as philosophy of science by John T Blackmore( Book )
- Positivismus im 19. Jahrhundert Beiträge zu seiner geschichtlichen und systematischen Bedeutung by Fritz Thyssen Stiftung. Cologne. Forschungsunternehmen 19. Jahrhundert. Arbeitskreise Philosophie und Rechtswissenschaft. Tagung. 3è. 1970( Book )
- Empiriokritizismus und Impressionismus : über Beziehungen zwischen Philosophie, Ästhetik u. Literatur um 1900 in Wien by Manfred Diersch( Book )
- Mach I, Mach II, Einstein und die Relativitätstheorie : eine Fälschung und ihre Folgen by Gereon Wolters( Book )
- Ernst Mach; Wegbereiter der modernen Physik. Mit ausgewählten Kapiteln aus seinem Werk by K. D Heller( Book )
- Ernst Mach's world elements : a study in natural philosophy by Erik C Banks( Book )
- Kritische Untersuchung von Ernst Mach's Erkenntnistheorie by Herbert Buzello( Book )
- Musils Philosophie : Essayismus und Dichtung im Spannungsfeld der Theorien Nietzsches und Machs by Hans-Joachim Pieper( Book )
- Ernst Mach - life, work, influence by Ernst Mach Centenary Conference( )
- Phenomenalism, phenomenology, and the question of time : a comparative study of the theories of Mach, Husserl, and Boltzmann by Adam Berg( Book )
- La pensée d'Ernst Mach : essai de biographie intellectuelle et de critique by Robert Bouvier( Book )
- Evidenz im Augenblick : eine Phänomenologie der reinen Empfindung by Manfred Sommer( Book )
- Ernst Mach als Aussenseiter : Machs Briefwechsel über Philosophie und Relativitätstheorie mit Persönlichkeiten seiner Zeit : Auszug aus dem letzten Notizbuch (Faksimile) von Ernst Mach by Ernst Mach( Book )
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Most widely held works by
Ernst Mach
The analysis of sensations, and the relation of the physical to the psychical by
Ernst Mach(
Book
)
107 editions published between 1886 and 2019 in English and German and held by 1,524 WorldCat member libraries worldwide
"FOR the preparation of the present excellent translation of my Beitrage zur Analyse der Empfindungen I am under profound obligations to The Open Court Publishing Company. Not a little of the progress of psychology is owing to the strenuous efforts which the promoters of the science have made to find the main explanation of its problems in the principle of association and these investigations have received a fresh impulse from the results of neural anatomy and neural physiology. I am of opinion however, that the idea advanced in the present work, agreeably to which as many physico-chemical neural processes are to be assumed as there are distinguishable qualities of sensation, is also possessed of heuristic value, and that there is reasonable hope that at some future time it, too, will receive elucidation from the side of physiological chemistry. Although I can lay no claim whatever to the title of physiologist, and still less to that of philosopher, yet I venture to hope that the work thus undertaken, purely from a strong desire for self-enlightenment, by a physicist unconstrained by the conventional barriers of the specialist, may not be entirely without value for others also, even though I may not be everywhere in the right"--Preface. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)
107 editions published between 1886 and 2019 in English and German and held by 1,524 WorldCat member libraries worldwide
"FOR the preparation of the present excellent translation of my Beitrage zur Analyse der Empfindungen I am under profound obligations to The Open Court Publishing Company. Not a little of the progress of psychology is owing to the strenuous efforts which the promoters of the science have made to find the main explanation of its problems in the principle of association and these investigations have received a fresh impulse from the results of neural anatomy and neural physiology. I am of opinion however, that the idea advanced in the present work, agreeably to which as many physico-chemical neural processes are to be assumed as there are distinguishable qualities of sensation, is also possessed of heuristic value, and that there is reasonable hope that at some future time it, too, will receive elucidation from the side of physiological chemistry. Although I can lay no claim whatever to the title of physiologist, and still less to that of philosopher, yet I venture to hope that the work thus undertaken, purely from a strong desire for self-enlightenment, by a physicist unconstrained by the conventional barriers of the specialist, may not be entirely without value for others also, even though I may not be everywhere in the right"--Preface. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)
Knowledge and error : sketches on the psychology of enquiry by
Ernst Mach(
Book
)
200 editions published between 1905 and 2017 in 9 languages and held by 1,458 WorldCat member libraries worldwide
Ben shu zhu yao nei rong you : zhe xue si wei yu zi ran ke xue si wei ; xin li sheng li guan cha ; ji yi, zai xian he lian xiang ; fan she, ben neng, yi zhi, wo ; ge ti zai zi ran hua jing he wen hua huan jing zhong de fa zhan deng
200 editions published between 1905 and 2017 in 9 languages and held by 1,458 WorldCat member libraries worldwide
Ben shu zhu yao nei rong you : zhe xue si wei yu zi ran ke xue si wei ; xin li sheng li guan cha ; ji yi, zai xian he lian xiang ; fan she, ben neng, yi zhi, wo ; ge ti zai zi ran hua jing he wen hua huan jing zhong de fa zhan deng
The science of mechanics; a critical and historical account of its development by
Ernst Mach(
Book
)
90 editions published between 1901 and 2019 in 4 languages and held by 1,417 WorldCat member libraries worldwide
90 editions published between 1901 and 2019 in 4 languages and held by 1,417 WorldCat member libraries worldwide
The principles of physical optics; an historical and philosophical treatment by
Ernst Mach(
Book
)
67 editions published between 1900 and 2013 in English and German and held by 883 WorldCat member libraries worldwide
In this classic exposition, Ernst Mach presents a detailed account of the experimental and theoretical evolution of our understanding of light phenomena and apparatus. Beginning with the philosophic and physiological speculation arising from early experiments on light and color perception, he proceeds to a thorough examination of the history of diopterics, including the roles of Huyghens, Galileo, Descartes, the Bernoullis, Kepler, and other scientists.Full descriptions of hundreds of experiments and detailed treatments of theory cover Newton's work with color and dispersion, his concept of
67 editions published between 1900 and 2013 in English and German and held by 883 WorldCat member libraries worldwide
In this classic exposition, Ernst Mach presents a detailed account of the experimental and theoretical evolution of our understanding of light phenomena and apparatus. Beginning with the philosophic and physiological speculation arising from early experiments on light and color perception, he proceeds to a thorough examination of the history of diopterics, including the roles of Huyghens, Galileo, Descartes, the Bernoullis, Kepler, and other scientists.Full descriptions of hundreds of experiments and detailed treatments of theory cover Newton's work with color and dispersion, his concept of
Die Analyse der Empfindungen und das Verhältnis des Physischen zum Psychischen by
Ernst Mach(
Book
)
116 editions published between 1900 and 2010 in 4 languages and held by 813 WorldCat member libraries worldwide
Erion will stop at nothing to rescue his son and protect the woman he loves from the evil vampire Cruen and the underworld forces waiting to destroy her because of her betrayal
116 editions published between 1900 and 2010 in 4 languages and held by 813 WorldCat member libraries worldwide
Erion will stop at nothing to rescue his son and protect the woman he loves from the evil vampire Cruen and the underworld forces waiting to destroy her because of her betrayal
Popular scientific lectures by
Ernst Mach(
Book
)
50 editions published between 1888 and 2020 in 3 languages and held by 693 WorldCat member libraries worldwide
The Austrian scientist Ernst Mach (1838-1916) carried out work of importance in many fields of enquiry, including physics, physiology, psychology and philosophy. Many significant thinkers, such as Ludwig Wittgenstein and Bertrand Russell, benefited from engaging with his ideas. Mach delivered the twelve lectures collected here between 1864 and 1894. This English translation by Thomas J. McCormack (1865-1932) appeared in 1895. Mach tackles a range of topics in an engaging style, demonstrating his abilities as both a researcher and a communicator. In the realm of the physical sciences, he discusses electrostatics, the conservation of energy, and the speed of light. He also addresses physiological matters, seeking to explain aspects of the hearing system and why humans have two eyes. In the final four lectures, he deals with the nature of scientific study. The Science of Mechanics (1893), Mach's historical and philosophical account, is also reissued in this series
50 editions published between 1888 and 2020 in 3 languages and held by 693 WorldCat member libraries worldwide
The Austrian scientist Ernst Mach (1838-1916) carried out work of importance in many fields of enquiry, including physics, physiology, psychology and philosophy. Many significant thinkers, such as Ludwig Wittgenstein and Bertrand Russell, benefited from engaging with his ideas. Mach delivered the twelve lectures collected here between 1864 and 1894. This English translation by Thomas J. McCormack (1865-1932) appeared in 1895. Mach tackles a range of topics in an engaging style, demonstrating his abilities as both a researcher and a communicator. In the realm of the physical sciences, he discusses electrostatics, the conservation of energy, and the speed of light. He also addresses physiological matters, seeking to explain aspects of the hearing system and why humans have two eyes. In the final four lectures, he deals with the nature of scientific study. The Science of Mechanics (1893), Mach's historical and philosophical account, is also reissued in this series
Space and geometry in the light of physiological, psychological and physical inquiry by
Ernst Mach(
Book
)
56 editions published between 1906 and 2014 in English and Undetermined and held by 671 WorldCat member libraries worldwide
Our notions of space are rooted in our physiological organism. Geometric concepts are the product of the idealization of physical experiences of space. Systems of geometry, finally, originate in the logical classification of the conceptual materials so obtained. All three factors have left their indubitable traces of modern geometry. Epistemological inquiries regarding space and geometry accordingly concern the physiologist, the psychologist, the physicist, the mathematician, the philosopher, and the logician alike, and they can be gradually carried to their definitive solution only by the consideration of the widely disparate points of view which are here offered
56 editions published between 1906 and 2014 in English and Undetermined and held by 671 WorldCat member libraries worldwide
Our notions of space are rooted in our physiological organism. Geometric concepts are the product of the idealization of physical experiences of space. Systems of geometry, finally, originate in the logical classification of the conceptual materials so obtained. All three factors have left their indubitable traces of modern geometry. Epistemological inquiries regarding space and geometry accordingly concern the physiologist, the psychologist, the physicist, the mathematician, the philosopher, and the logician alike, and they can be gradually carried to their definitive solution only by the consideration of the widely disparate points of view which are here offered
Die Mechanik in ihrer Entwicklung by
Ernst Mach(
Book
)
135 editions published between 1883 and 2017 in 3 languages and held by 585 WorldCat member libraries worldwide
135 editions published between 1883 and 2017 in 3 languages and held by 585 WorldCat member libraries worldwide
Die principien der wärmelehre. Historisch-kritisch entwickelt by
Ernst Mach(
Book
)
87 editions published between 1896 and 2017 in 3 languages and held by 487 WorldCat member libraries worldwide
87 editions published between 1896 and 2017 in 3 languages and held by 487 WorldCat member libraries worldwide
Populär-wissenschaftliche Vorlesungen by
Ernst Mach(
Book
)
74 editions published between 1896 and 2017 in 3 languages and held by 467 WorldCat member libraries worldwide
74 editions published between 1896 and 2017 in 3 languages and held by 467 WorldCat member libraries worldwide
History and root of the principle of the conservation of energy by
Ernst Mach(
Book
)
34 editions published between 1900 and 2019 in 3 languages and held by 353 WorldCat member libraries worldwide
"The Austrian scientist Ernst Mach (1838-1916) carried out work of importance in several fields of enquiry, including physics, physiology and psychology. In this short work, first published in German in 1872 and translated here into English in 1911 by Philip E.B. Jourdain (1879-1919) from the 1909 second edition, Mach discusses the formulation of one of science's most fundamental theories. He provides his interpretation of the principle of the conservation of energy, claiming its foundations are not in mechanical physics. Mach's 1868 work on the definition of mass - one of his most significant contributions to mechanics - has been incorporated here. His perspective on the topic as a whole remains relevant to those interested in the history of science and the theory of knowledge. Also reissued in this series in English translation are Mach's The Science of Mechanics (1893) and Popular Scientific Lectures (1895)."--Page 4 of cover
34 editions published between 1900 and 2019 in 3 languages and held by 353 WorldCat member libraries worldwide
"The Austrian scientist Ernst Mach (1838-1916) carried out work of importance in several fields of enquiry, including physics, physiology and psychology. In this short work, first published in German in 1872 and translated here into English in 1911 by Philip E.B. Jourdain (1879-1919) from the 1909 second edition, Mach discusses the formulation of one of science's most fundamental theories. He provides his interpretation of the principle of the conservation of energy, claiming its foundations are not in mechanical physics. Mach's 1868 work on the definition of mass - one of his most significant contributions to mechanics - has been incorporated here. His perspective on the topic as a whole remains relevant to those interested in the history of science and the theory of knowledge. Also reissued in this series in English translation are Mach's The Science of Mechanics (1893) and Popular Scientific Lectures (1895)."--Page 4 of cover
Die Mechanik in ihrer Entwickelung historisch-kritisch dargestellt by
Ernst Mach(
Book
)
41 editions published between 1883 and 1933 in German and English and held by 342 WorldCat member libraries worldwide
41 editions published between 1883 and 1933 in German and English and held by 342 WorldCat member libraries worldwide
Principles of the theory of heat : historically and critically elucidated by
Ernst Mach(
Book
)
16 editions published between 1986 and 2013 in English and German and held by 287 WorldCat member libraries worldwide
Xi should hope for "first and foremost" from any historical investigation, including his own, was that "it may not be too tedious." II That hope is generally realized in Mach's historical writings, most of which are as lively and interesting now as they were when they appeared. Mach did not follow any existing model of historical or philosophical or scientific exposition, but went at things his own way combining the various approaches as needed to reach the goals he set for himself. When he is at his best we get a sense of the Mach whom William James met on a visit to Prague, the Mach whose four hours of "unforgettable conversation" gave the forty year old, well traveled James the strongest "impression of pure intellectual genius" he had yet received, and whose "absolute simplicity of manner and winningness of smile" captivated him completely. 12 Consider, for example, the first few chapters of this book, Principles of the Theory of Heat, which Mach devotes to the notion of temperature, that most fundamental of all thermal concepts. He begins by trying to trace the path that leads from our sensations of hot and cold to a numerical temperature scale
16 editions published between 1986 and 2013 in English and German and held by 287 WorldCat member libraries worldwide
Xi should hope for "first and foremost" from any historical investigation, including his own, was that "it may not be too tedious." II That hope is generally realized in Mach's historical writings, most of which are as lively and interesting now as they were when they appeared. Mach did not follow any existing model of historical or philosophical or scientific exposition, but went at things his own way combining the various approaches as needed to reach the goals he set for himself. When he is at his best we get a sense of the Mach whom William James met on a visit to Prague, the Mach whose four hours of "unforgettable conversation" gave the forty year old, well traveled James the strongest "impression of pure intellectual genius" he had yet received, and whose "absolute simplicity of manner and winningness of smile" captivated him completely. 12 Consider, for example, the first few chapters of this book, Principles of the Theory of Heat, which Mach devotes to the notion of temperature, that most fundamental of all thermal concepts. He begins by trying to trace the path that leads from our sensations of hot and cold to a numerical temperature scale
La mécanique : exposé historique et critique de son développement by
Ernst Mach(
Book
)
31 editions published between 1904 and 2016 in French and Italian and held by 210 WorldCat member libraries worldwide
31 editions published between 1904 and 2016 in French and Italian and held by 210 WorldCat member libraries worldwide
Die Prinzipien der physikalischen Optik; historisch und erkenntnispsychologisch entwickelt by
Ernst Mach(
Book
)
23 editions published between 1921 and 2020 in German and English and held by 208 WorldCat member libraries worldwide
23 editions published between 1921 and 2020 in German and English and held by 208 WorldCat member libraries worldwide
Grundlinien der Lehre von den Bewegungsempfindungen by
Ernst Mach(
Book
)
29 editions published between 1875 and 2017 in German and Dutch and held by 206 WorldCat member libraries worldwide
29 editions published between 1875 and 2017 in German and Dutch and held by 206 WorldCat member libraries worldwide
The science of mechanics; a critical and historical exposition of its principles by
Ernst Mach(
Book
)
19 editions published between 1891 and 2013 in English and held by 180 WorldCat member libraries worldwide
Ernst Mach (1838-1916), the first scientist to study objects moving faster than the speed of sound, propounded a scientific philosophy which called for a strict adherence to observable data. He maintained that the sole purpose of scientific study is to provide the simplest possible description of detectable phenomena. In this work, first published in German in 1883 and here translated in 1893 by Thomas J. McCormack (1865-1932) from the 1888 second edition, Mach begins with a historical discussion of mechanical principles. He then proceeds to a critique of Newton's concept of 'absolute' space and time, reflecting Mach's rejection of theoretical concepts in the absence of definitive evidence. Although historically controversial, Mach's ideas and attitudes informed philosophers as influential as Russell and Wittgenstein, and his insistence upon a 'relative' idea of space and time provided much of the philosophical basis for Einstein's theory of general relativity decades later
19 editions published between 1891 and 2013 in English and held by 180 WorldCat member libraries worldwide
Ernst Mach (1838-1916), the first scientist to study objects moving faster than the speed of sound, propounded a scientific philosophy which called for a strict adherence to observable data. He maintained that the sole purpose of scientific study is to provide the simplest possible description of detectable phenomena. In this work, first published in German in 1883 and here translated in 1893 by Thomas J. McCormack (1865-1932) from the 1888 second edition, Mach begins with a historical discussion of mechanical principles. He then proceeds to a critique of Newton's concept of 'absolute' space and time, reflecting Mach's rejection of theoretical concepts in the absence of definitive evidence. Although historically controversial, Mach's ideas and attitudes informed philosophers as influential as Russell and Wittgenstein, and his insistence upon a 'relative' idea of space and time provided much of the philosophical basis for Einstein's theory of general relativity decades later
Optisch-akustische Versuche : die spectrale und stroboskopische Untersuchung tönender Körper by
Ernst Mach(
Book
)
28 editions published between 1873 and 2016 in 4 languages and held by 155 WorldCat member libraries worldwide
28 editions published between 1873 and 2016 in 4 languages and held by 155 WorldCat member libraries worldwide
Die geschichte und die wurzel des satzes von der erhaltung der arbeit. Vortrag gehalten in der K. Böhm. gesellschaft der
wissenschaften am 15. nov. 1871 by
Ernst Mach(
Book
)
25 editions published between 1871 and 1969 in German and held by 148 WorldCat member libraries worldwide
25 editions published between 1871 and 1969 in German and held by 148 WorldCat member libraries worldwide
The science of mechanics; a critical and historical account of its development, by Ernst Mach: supplement to the 3rd English
ed. containing the author's additions to the 7th German ed. by
Ernst Mach(
)
10 editions published between 1915 and 2007 in English and held by 118 WorldCat member libraries worldwide
10 editions published between 1915 and 2007 in English and held by 118 WorldCat member libraries worldwide
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Related Identities
- McCormack, Thomas J. (Thomas Joseph) 1865-1932 Other Translator Contributor
- Blackmore, John T. Other Author Editor
- Bradley, J. Author
- Banks, Erik C. Author
- Russell, Bertrand 1872-1970
- James, William 1842-1910
- Musil, Robert 1880-1942 Author
- Williams, C. M. Translator Contributor
- Cohen, R. S. (Robert Sonné) Author Editor
- Seeger, Raymond John 1906- Editor
Useful Links
Associated Subjects
Austria Austria--Vienna Bahr, Hermann, Boltzmann, Ludwig, Dynamics Einstein, Albert, Empiricism Force and energy Fraud in science Geometry--Foundations Heat Husserl, Edmund, Impressionism (Art) Influence (Literary, artistic, etc.) Intellectual life James, William, Knowledge, Theory of Mach, Ernst, Mach bands Mechanics Metaphysics Musil, Robert, Nietzsche, Friedrich Wilhelm, Optics Perception Phenomenalism Phenomenology Philosophers Philosophers Philosophy Philosophy, Modern Physical optics Physicists Physicists Physics Physics--Philosophy Positivism Psychophysics Relativity (Physics) Russell, Bertrand, Schnitzler, Arthur, Science--Methodology Science--Philosophy Scientists Senses and sensation Sound Space perception Statics Thought and thinking Time
Covers
Alternative Names
Ernestus Mach
Ernst Mach austerriksk fysikar
Ernst Mach aŭstra fizikisto
Ernst Mach Austrian physicist and university educator (1838–1916)
Ernst Mach český fyzik a vysokoškolský pedagog
Ernst Mach czech physicist and university educator
Ernst Mach éisträichesche Physiker
Ernst Mach físic i filòsof austríac
Ernst Mach físico e filósofo austríaco
Ernst Mach fizyk austriacki
Ernst Mach morvaországi osztrák fizikus, filozófus
Ernst Mach Oostenrijks natuurkundige
Ernst Mach Oostenrijks natuurkundige (1838-1916)
Ernst Mach österreichischer Physiker, Philosoph und Wissenschaftstheoretiker (1838-1916)
Ernst Mach österrikisk fysiker
Ernst Mach østerriksk fysiker
Ernst Mach østrigsk fysiker
Ernst Mach physicien et philosophe des sciences autrichien
Ernst Mach un físico y filósofo austríaco
Ernst Mah
Ernst Max
Ernsts Mahs
Ma-ho, E. 1838-1916
Ma-ho, En-ssu-tʻe 1838-1916
Mach 1838-1916
Mach E.
Mach E. 1838-1916
Mach, E. (Ernst), 1838-1916
Mach, E. W. 1838-1916
Mach, E. W. J. 1838-1916
Mach, E. W. J. W. 1838-1916
Mach, Ernest 1838-1916
Mach Ernst
Mach, Ernst W. 1838-1916
Mach, Ernst W. J. 1838-1916
Mach, Ernst W. J. W. 1838-1916
Mach, Ernst Waldfrid J. W. 1838-1916
Mach, Ernst Waldfried Josef W. 1838-1916
Mach, Ernst Waldfried Josef Wenzel 1838-1916
Mach, Ernst Waldfried Joseph Wenzel 1838-1916
Mach, Ernsto
Machas Ernstas
Mah, È.
Mah, E. 1838-1916
Mah, Ernst
Mah, Ernst 1838-1916
Makh, Ė. 1838-1916
Makh, Ėrnst 1838-1916
Max Ernst
Ερνστ Μαχ
Ернст Мах
Ернст Мах австриски физичар и филозоф
Ернст Мах австрійський фізик і філософ
Мах Е
Мах Е. 1838-1916
Мах Э.
Мах Э. 1838-1916
Мах, Э. (Эрнст), 1838-1916
Мах, Эрнест 1838-1916
Мах Эрнст
Мах, Эрнст 1838-1916
Эрнст
Эрнст Мах австрийский физик и философ-позитивист
Էռնստ Մախ ավստրիացի ֆիզիկոս, մեխանիկ և փիլիսոփա-պոզիտիվիստ
ארנסט מאך
מך, ארנסט 1838-1916
إرنست ماخ
إرنست ماخ فيزيائي نمساوي وأستاذ جامعي
ارنست ماخ فیزیکدان اتریشی
अर्न्स्ट माक
ਅਰਨਸਟ ਮਾਖ਼
எர்ன்ஸ்ட் மாக்
ಅರ್ನ್ಸ್ಟ್ ಮ್ಯಾಕ್ ಜೆಕ್ ಭೌತಶಾಸ್ತ್ರಜ್ಞ ಮತ್ತು ವಿಶ್ವವಿದ್ಯಾನಿಲಯದ ಶಿಕ್ಷಕ
ഏണസ്റ്റ് മാക്ക്
ერნსტ მახი ჩეხი ფიზიკოსი
마흐, 에른스트 1838-1916
에른스트 마흐
エルンスト・マッハ
マッハ, エルンスト
マッハ, エルンスト 1838-1916
恩斯特·马赫
马赫, 恩斯特 1838-1916
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