Stanford University School of Education

Determinants of educational expenditures in large cities of the United States by H. Thomas James( Book )

2 editions published in 1966 in English and held by 91 WorldCat member libraries worldwide

This report is a study of the processes by which money is allocated to the support of educational services in the public schools in large cities of the united states. Implicit in the rationale are the assumptions that resources available for the support of public education are rarely sufficient to satisfy all the demands made upon them, and that determinations about the level of public school financial support are almost always made in competitive situations. The rationale postulates three major determinants of educational expenditures in the public sphere--(1) a set of shared expectations for educational services, (2) the availability of wealth from which funds for schools can be allocated, and (3) a political system that allows the expression of demands and access to the ability. The sample for the study comprised 107 of the 119 largest school districts in the U.S. in 1960. the distribution in ada ranged from approximately 20,000 to 1,000,000 students. The 107 districts were located in 36 states. The largest number of districts in any one state was 11. in california (hemmed in by a growing body of state regulations, state-mandated services, levy limitations, salary schedules, and other staff benefits), the typical board of education may become partially immobilized, and thus attempt only relatively minor adjustments in the school budget. The prognosis will remain pessimistic until social policy for education in cities is determined on grounds other than the availability of resources under tax structure designed decades ago. (Jl)

Wealth, expenditure and decision-making for education by H. Thomas James( Book )

7 editions published between 1963 and 1971 in English and held by 85 WorldCat member libraries worldwide

The second in a series of studies of the processes by which resources in the united states are allocated to the support of public education is presented. A rationale for the study of school finance was formulated and applied to explain variations in expenditures associated with state efforts to equalize both educational benefits and tax loads. Explorations of the interaction of wealth and expenditures for education were made using three models. An analysis of fiscal independence vs. Dependence in the relationships of local school districts to other governmental agencies is presented. The study recognizes that higher levels of property valuation and income result in higher levels of expenditure for education, but that education produces a more efficient labor force and higher levels of personal income. Numerous tables and charts are appended

A working seminar on the improvement of the social studies curriculum by G. Wesley Sowards( Book )

2 editions published in 1963 in English and held by 65 WorldCat member libraries worldwide

The possibilities of expanding or condensing the social studies curricula in public schools were discussed. A one week seminar considered the following--the part of social studies in school curriculum, satisfaction with present practices, public reluctance to allow social studies to deal with social reality and the extent to which this attitude acts as an obstacle to curriculum, the need for improved and new instructional materials, the education of teachers, curriculum design, research need, problems of priority, and feasibility of accomplishing these improvements. It was concluded that goal-agreement was of utmost importance. Research and development projects are listed and discussed as well as teacher education and financial support

School revenue systems in five states, report of a pilot study by H. Thomas James( Book )

6 editions published in 1961 in English and held by 63 WorldCat member libraries worldwide

State-administered, educational revenue systems were compared in five states to systems in the same states which rely greatly upon local district property taxes and voluntary contributions for educational expenses. A pilot survey covered the states of california, nebraska, new jersey, washington, and wisconsin, and was designed to determine the effectiveness of their state and local educational finance systems in meeting the fiscal goals of equality and excellence. The first phase of the project was concerned with processes and mechanisms for allocating resources to local units within the institution of a state school system, referencing particularly the conditions of equity in allocation procedures. Secondly, some exploratory efforts were directed to--(1) the relationship of educational expenditures in one time period to national productivity in a subsequent period, (2) the effect of high levels of enrollment in non-tax-supported schools on the availability of resources for public school support, (3) the effect of fiscal dependence or independence on public school support, and (4) the relationship between the wealth of a district and the way in which expenditures are distributed among budget line items. Overall, about 320 separate school districts were studied. The findings of this study were inconclusive, as analytical cross-correlations made from the survey results revealed variables in almost every area of exploration which warranted further research. (Jh)

Communities and their schools by Stanford University( Book )

3 editions published in 1960 in English and held by 63 WorldCat member libraries worldwide

Race and educational employment by Craig Richards( Book )

2 editions published in 1982 in English and held by 56 WorldCat member libraries worldwide

Using quantitative analysis, researchers studied the patterns of employment and assignment for Black, Anglo (White), and Hispanic teachers in California's public schools. After reviewing data on minority teacher and professional employment in the national public and private sectors and in California teaching, the authors discuss alternative explanations of minority employment patterns, based on either supply or demand factors. Using Multinomial Logit Analysis, they construct a mathematical model of the interrelationships among teacher employment and assignment, teacher race, and minority student desegregation. Data on school educational level, racial and ethnic changes in the student population, and teacher race, sex, education, experience, and bilingual certification were gathered from the 1981 survey of all California public school teachers. The authors find that teachers are assigned on the basis of schools' racial composition; that changes in the population of Anglo, Black, and Hispanic students contribute to racially based teacher employment and assignment; and that bilingual education programs help increase the segregation of Hispanic teachers into schools with larger percentages of Hispanic students. Implications for social theory and public policy are briefly discussed. An appendix offers further explanation of the mathematical model. (Rw)

Limited monarch : the rise and fall of student rights by Lawrence M Friedman( Book )

3 editions published in 1982 in English and held by 56 WorldCat member libraries worldwide

A survey of court litigation traces the development of case law regarding the substantive rights of elementary and high school students in relation to school board rules and regulations. The survey reveals the gradual "judicialization" (conversion of conflicts into court cases) of educational governance and the delimiting of the school board's "limited monarchy." In the 19th century there were few cases. They dealt with attendance, student conduct, school rules, corporal punishment, parental authority, and, at the end of the century, vaccination. In most cases the conflict had more to do with parents and their rights in relation to the school board than with the students' own rights. Cases became moderately more common in the early 20th century, up through the early 1960s. The issues involved included vaccination, student fraternities, and married students. The mid-1960s through the early 1970s saw an eruption of student rights cases, mostly about personal grooming (specifically, hair length). Unlike earlier cases, these concerned constitutional issues of personal liberty and were tried in federal courts. A table covering the years 1899-1978 presents data by decades on the number of student rights cases, the national rate of cases per pupil, the percentage won by students, the proportion in federal court, and the most common issues. (Rw)

Increasing task-oriented behavior; an experimental evaluation of training teachers in reinforcement techniques by John D Krumboltz( Book )

2 editions published in 1966 in English and held by 47 WorldCat member libraries worldwide

This study tested methods of increasing task-oriented behavior of inattentive second-grade pupils to help develop effective work habits and attitudes at an early age. The assumption was made that the inattentive behavior of pupils was maintained, in part, by the reinforcement unintentionally provided by frequent teacher reminders for the child to get back to work. In addition, the teacher might not be giving sufficient recognition at times when the pupil was attending to his work. The experimental procedure reversed these contingencies, urging the teacher to withhold attention from pupils behaving inattentively and rewarding attentive behavior as soon as it occurred. While experimental group teachers did use reinforcement methods, their application was less than desired. The experimental group subjects did not show a significantly greater frequency of task-oriented behavior. The results suggest that the training of teachers was crucial to the outcome of the study, and also raise questions about the efficacy of cognitive methods in changing teacher's behavior. Future research should first insure a thorough application of the techniques before pupil behavior is assessed. (Gd)

School planning conferences 1952 report. [Material compiled during the 1952 summer program in school planning at Stanford] by Stanford University( Book )

3 editions published between 1952 and 1953 in English and held by 45 WorldCat member libraries worldwide

Status treatments for the classroom( Visual )

4 editions published in 1994 in English and held by 44 WorldCat member libraries worldwide

Behavior recorded in ethnically and academically heterogeneous classrooms shows status problems and their treatment by practicing teachers. The narrator explains the origin of status problems, how the problems inhibit learning, and the rationale for the treatment strategies