| List of Maps | | xxii | |
| List of Illustrations | | xxiii | |
| 1. Introduction: Christians, Christianity, and Christendom |
| | 1 | |
| Initial Expansions across the World |
| | 2 | |
| Proliferation and Propagation |
| | 4 | |
| Primal Religions and Christianity |
| | 9 | |
| History and Historiography |
| | 16 | |
| 2. Contextualizing Complexity, I: India's Lands, Peoples, and Social Structures |
| | 21 | |
| Geo-environmental Settings |
| | 21 | |
| Ethno-demographic Settings |
| | 27 | |
| | 30 | |
| Kinship Settings: A Classical Stereotype |
| | 35 | |
| Socio-structural Settings: Varndshramadharma |
| | 43 | |
| Village Setting: Primordial Political Entities |
| | 50 | |
| 3. Contextualizing Complexity, II: India's Dominant Religious Traditions: Sandtana-Dharma and Dar-ul-Islam |
| | 57 | |
| | 57 | |
| | 72 | |
| 4. Thomas Christians and the Thomas Tradition |
| | 91 | |
| | 92 | |
| | 93 | |
| The Thomas Parvam and Other Evidence |
| | 98 | |
| | 102 | |
| | 107 | |
| The Refugees from Dar-al-Islam |
| | 111 | |
| | 114 | |
| 5. Pfarangi Catholic Christians and Padroado Christendom |
| | 116 | |
| The Missionaries of Medieval Europe |
| | 116 | |
| The pfarangi Fleets of Portugal |
| | 119 | |
| | 127 | |
| The Imposition of Catholic Padroado Christendom |
| | 130 | |
| The Jesuit Missions in the Mufassal |
| | 137 | |
| | 140 | |
| 6. Evangelical Christians as Missionary Dubashis: Conduits of Cross-Cultural Communication |
| | 142 | |
| The Impetus of Missionary Pietism |
| | 144 | |
| The Dubashi Pandits of Tranquebar: Bartholomaus Ziegenbalg and his Tamil Associates |
| | 146 | |
| The Dubashi Missionaries of Madras: Benjamin Schultz, Johann Philip Fabricius, and Telugu |
| | 151 | |
| The Raja-Guru and Sishiyas of Thanjavur: Christian Friedrich Schwartz and his Disciples |
| | 152 | |
| | 165 | |
| 7. India's Raj and Political Logic: The Unification of India, a Southern Perspective |
| | 169 | |
| | 170 | |
| Pre-modern Systems of Power |
| | 173 | |
| Baniya Company and Kompanee Bahian?' |
| | 177 | |
| Dynamics of Imperial Logic |
| | 190 | |
| Stages of Imperial Expansion |
| | 194 | |
| India's Raj and Imperial Paramountcy |
| | 200 | |
| | 204 | |
| 8. Avarna Christians and Conversion Movements |
| | 206 | |
| Avarna Movements in the South |
| | 207 | |
| Conversion Movements Further North |
| | 230 | |
| | 240 | |
| 9. Missionaries, Colonialism, and Ecclesiastical Dominion |
| | 243 | |
| Travancore: Anglican Attempts to Dominate Thomas Christians |
| | 244 | |
| Tirunelveli: The 'Rhenius Affair' and Missionary Colonialism |
| | 249 | |
| 'Tanjore Christians', Anglican Missionaries, and Caste |
| | 257 | |
| Colonial Domination and Dual Identity |
| | 261 | |
| | 266 | |
| 10. Indian Christians and 'Hindu Raj' | | 268 | |
| Christian Resistance to the Raj |
| | 269 | |
| 'Hindu' Resistance to New Christians |
| | 274 | |
| Hindu��Christian Disputes and Encounters |
| | 277 | |
| Official Responses to Religious Controversy |
| | 280 | |
| 'Hindu' Establishment and the State |
| | 284 | |
| Struggles over Defining 'Public' Space |
| | 288 | |
| | 300 | |
| 11. Elite Education and Missionaries | | 301 | |
| 'Oriental' Learning and Modern Education |
| | 302 | |
| Indigenous Demands for Modern Education in English |
| | 307 | |
| Early Official Efforts to Spread Education |
| | 314 | |
| Pressures for Modern Education in English |
| | 320 | |
| Mahajans vs. Missionary Educators |
| | 327 | |
| Ascendancy of English in Upper-Class Education |
| | 333 | |
| Missionary Compromise and Elite Co-option |
| | 336 | |
| | 341 | |
| 12. Catholic Renewal and Resurgence | | 344 | |
| Catholic India in Decline and Disarray |
| | 345 | |
| The Padroado��Propaganda Struggle, or 'Goa Schism' |
| | 346 | |
| The Consolidation of Catholic Christianity in India |
| | 350 | |
| Conflicts with Thomas Christians |
| | 358 | |
| | 375 | |
| 13. 'Trophies of Grace' and their Public Influence | | 380 | |
| Pandita Ramabai Saraswati: The Mahatma of Mukti |
| | 382 | |
| Other Sample 'Trophies of Grace' |
| | 410 | |
| | 416 | |
| 14. Adivasi Movements in the North-East | | 419 | |
| Naga Christian Movements: A Paradigm of Metamorphosis |
| | 422 | |
| Adivasi Movements of Meghalaya and Mizoland |
| | 445 | |
| | 451 | |
| 15. Conclusion and Epilogue | | 454 | |
| Critical and Comprehensive Concerns |
| | 454 | |
| | 464 | |
| Bibliography | | 485 | |
| Glossary | | 517 | |
| Index | | 535 | |
