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<TABLE CELLSPACING=0 CELLPADDING=0><TR><TD>Foreword</TD><TD WIDTH=40></TD><TD VALIGN=TOP>ix</TD><TD></TD></TR><TR><TD><TABLE CELLSPACING=0 CELLPADDING=0><TR><TD WIDTH=20></TD><TD>Paul Romer</TD></TR></TABLE></TD><TD WIDTH=40></TD></TR><TR><TD>Acknowledgments</TD><TD WIDTH=40></TD><TD VALIGN=TOP>xi</TD><TD></TD></TR><TR><TD>The Data Disk</TD><TD WIDTH=40></TD><TD VALIGN=TOP>xv</TD><TD></TD></TR><TR><TD>1 Introduction</TD><TD WIDTH=40></TD><TD VALIGN=TOP>1</TD><TD VALIGN=TOP>(22)</TD></TR><TR><TD><TABLE CELLSPACING=0 CELLPADDING=0><TR><TD WIDTH=20></TD><TD>Adam B. Jaffe and Manuel Trajtenberg</TD></TR></TABLE></TD><TD WIDTH=40></TD></TR><TR><TD>I Conceptual and Methodological Foundations</TD><TD WIDTH=40></TD><TD VALIGN=TOP>23</TD><TD VALIGN=TOP>(130)</TD></TR><TR><TD><TABLE CELLSPACING=0 CELLPADDING=0><TR><TD WIDTH=40></TD><TD>2 A Penny for Your Quotes: Patent Citations and the Value of Innovations</TD></TR></TABLE></TD><TD WIDTH=40></TD><TD VALIGN=TOP>25</TD><TD VALIGN=TOP>(26)</TD></TR><TR><TD><TABLE CELLSPACING=0 CELLPADDING=0><TR><TD WIDTH=60></TD><TD>Manuel Trajtenberg</TD></TR></TABLE></TD><TD WIDTH=40></TD></TR><TR><TD><TABLE CELLSPACING=0 CELLPADDING=0><TR><TD WIDTH=40></TD><TD>3 University versus Corporate Patents: A Window on the Basicness of Invention</TD></TR></TABLE></TD><TD WIDTH=40></TD><TD VALIGN=TOP>51</TD><TD VALIGN=TOP>(38)</TD></TR><TR><TD><TABLE CELLSPACING=0 CELLPADDING=0><TR><TD WIDTH=60></TD><TD>Manuel Trajtenberg, Rebecca Henderson, and Adam B. Jaffe</TD></TR></TABLE></TD><TD WIDTH=40></TD></TR><TR><TD><TABLE CELLSPACING=0 CELLPADDING=0><TR><TD WIDTH=40></TD><TD>4 How High Are the Giants' Shoulders: An Empirical Assessment of Knowledge Spillovers and Creative Destruction in a Model of Economic Growth</TD></TR></TABLE></TD><TD WIDTH=40></TD><TD VALIGN=TOP>89</TD><TD VALIGN=TOP>(66)</TD></TR><TR><TD><TABLE CELLSPACING=0 CELLPADDING=0><TR><TD WIDTH=60></TD><TD>Ricardo J. Caballero and Adam B. Jaffe</TD></TR></TABLE></TD><TD WIDTH=40></TD></TR><TR><TD>II The Geography of Knowledge Spillovers</TD><TD WIDTH=40></TD><TD VALIGN=TOP>153</TD><TD VALIGN=TOP>(82)</TD></TR><TR><TD><TABLE CELLSPACING=0 CELLPADDING=0><TR><TD WIDTH=40></TD><TD>5 Geographic Localization of Knowledge Spillovers as Evidenced by Patent Citations</TD></TR></TABLE></TD><TD WIDTH=40></TD><TD VALIGN=TOP>155</TD><TD VALIGN=TOP>(24)</TD></TR><TR><TD><TABLE CELLSPACING=0 CELLPADDING=0><TR><TD WIDTH=60></TD><TD>Adam B. Jaffe, Manuel Trajtenberg, and Rebecca Henderson</TD></TR></TABLE></TD><TD WIDTH=40></TD></TR><TR><TD><TABLE CELLSPACING=0 CELLPADDING=0><TR><TD WIDTH=40></TD><TD>6 Flows of Knowledge from Universities and Federal Laboratories: Modeling the Flow of Patent Citations over Time and across Institutional and Geographic Boundaries</TD></TR></TABLE></TD><TD WIDTH=40></TD><TD VALIGN=TOP>179</TD><TD VALIGN=TOP>(20)</TD></TR><TR><TD><TABLE CELLSPACING=0 CELLPADDING=0><TR><TD WIDTH=60></TD><TD>Adam B. Jaffe and Manuel Trajtenberg</TD></TR></TABLE></TD><TD WIDTH=40></TD></TR><TR><TD><TABLE CELLSPACING=0 CELLPADDING=0><TR><TD WIDTH=40></TD><TD>7 International Knowledge Flows: Evidence from Patent Citations</TD></TR></TABLE></TD><TD WIDTH=40></TD><TD VALIGN=TOP>199</TD><TD VALIGN=TOP>(38)</TD></TR><TR><TD><TABLE CELLSPACING=0 CELLPADDING=0><TR><TD WIDTH=60></TD><TD>Adam B. Jaffe and Manuel Trajtenberg</TD></TR></TABLE></TD><TD WIDTH=40></TD></TR><TR><TD>III Policy-Motivated Evaluation of Institutions and Countries</TD><TD WIDTH=40></TD><TD VALIGN=TOP>235</TD><TD VALIGN=TOP>(142)</TD></TR><TR><TD><TABLE CELLSPACING=0 CELLPADDING=0><TR><TD WIDTH=40></TD><TD>8 Universities as a Source of Commercial Technology: A Detailed Analysis of University Patenting, 1965-1988</TD></TR></TABLE></TD><TD WIDTH=40></TD><TD VALIGN=TOP>237</TD><TD VALIGN=TOP>(24)</TD></TR><TR><TD><TABLE CELLSPACING=0 CELLPADDING=0><TR><TD WIDTH=60></TD><TD>Rebecca Henderson, Adam B. Jaffe, and Manuel Trajtenberg</TD></TR></TABLE></TD><TD WIDTH=40></TD></TR><TR><TD><TABLE CELLSPACING=0 CELLPADDING=0><TR><TD WIDTH=40></TD><TD>9 Evidence from Patents and Patent Citations on the Impact of NASA and Other Federal Labs on Commercial Innovation</TD></TR></TABLE></TD><TD WIDTH=40></TD><TD VALIGN=TOP>261</TD><TD VALIGN=TOP>(26)</TD></TR><TR><TD><TABLE CELLSPACING=0 CELLPADDING=0><TR><TD WIDTH=60></TD><TD>Adam B. Jaffe, Michael S. Fogarty, and Bruce A. Banks</TD></TR></TABLE></TD><TD WIDTH=40></TD></TR><TR><TD><TABLE CELLSPACING=0 CELLPADDING=0><TR><TD WIDTH=20></TD><TD>10 Reinventing Public R&D: Patent Policy and the Commercialization of National Laboratory Technologies</TD></TR></TABLE></TD><TD WIDTH=40></TD><TD VALIGN=TOP>287</TD><TD VALIGN=TOP>(50)</TD></TR><TR><TD><TABLE CELLSPACING=0 CELLPADDING=0><TR><TD WIDTH=60></TD><TD>Adam B. Jaffe and Josh Lerner</TD></TR></TABLE></TD><TD WIDTH=40></TD></TR><TR><TD><TABLE CELLSPACING=0 CELLPADDING=0><TR><TD WIDTH=20></TD><TD>11 Innovation in Israel 1968-1997: A Comparative Analysis Using Patent Data</TD></TR></TABLE></TD><TD WIDTH=40></TD><TD VALIGN=TOP>337</TD><TD VALIGN=TOP>(40)</TD></TR><TR><TD><TABLE CELLSPACING=0 CELLPADDING=0><TR><TD WIDTH=60></TD><TD>Manuel Trajtenberg</TD></TR></TABLE></TD><TD WIDTH=40></TD></TR><TR><TD>IV The Patents and Citations Data: A Close-up</TD><TD WIDTH=40></TD><TD VALIGN=TOP>377</TD><TD VALIGN=TOP>(84)</TD></TR><TR><TD><TABLE CELLSPACING=0 CELLPADDING=0><TR><TD WIDTH=20></TD><TD>12 The Meaning of Patent Citations: Report on the NBER/Case-Western Reserve Survey of Patentees</TD></TR></TABLE></TD><TD WIDTH=40></TD><TD VALIGN=TOP>379</TD><TD VALIGN=TOP>(24)</TD></TR><TR><TD><TABLE CELLSPACING=0 CELLPADDING=0><TR><TD WIDTH=60></TD><TD>Adam B. Jaffe, Manuel Trajtenberg, and Michael S. Fogarty</TD></TR></TABLE></TD><TD WIDTH=40></TD></TR><TR><TD><TABLE CELLSPACING=0 CELLPADDING=0><TR><TD WIDTH=20></TD><TD>13 The NBER Patent-Citations Data File: Lessons, Insights, and Methodological Tools</TD></TR></TABLE></TD><TD WIDTH=40></TD><TD VALIGN=TOP>403</TD><TD VALIGN=TOP>(58)</TD></TR><TR><TD><TABLE CELLSPACING=0 CELLPADDING=0><TR><TD WIDTH=60></TD><TD>Bronwyn H. Hall, Adam B. Jaffe, and Manuel Trajtenberg</TD></TR></TABLE></TD><TD WIDTH=40></TD></TR><TR><TD>Sources</TD><TD WIDTH=40></TD><TD VALIGN=TOP>461</TD><TD VALIGN=TOP>(2)</TD></TR><TR><TD>Index</TD><TD WIDTH=40></TD><TD VALIGN=TOP>463</TD><TD></TD></TR></TABLE>

xiii, 478 pages : illustrations ; 24 cm + 1 CD-ROM (4 3/4 in.)

Accompanying CD-ROM contains ... "complete data on 3 million patents with more than 16 million citations and a range of author-devised measures of the importance, generality, and originality of patented innovations."--Page 4 of cover

Patents, citations, and innovations : a window on the knowledge economy